WHAT ARE THE WAYS TO IMPROVE EFFECTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT AND REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF MUNICIPAL WASTE IN KAZAKHSTAN?

Nowadays many countries are now facing an environmental issue linked with distribution of garbage on the streets and low level of recycling this rubbish, Moreover, such a problem affects countries’ economy and ecology, also Kazakhstan is one of these countries, citizens from big cities suffer from the gases from different factories, where gas is distributed for all city, rubbish lying on the ground and no one pays attention on it. Yale center for environmental law and police (2022) also mentions that today Kazakhstan ranked 93th in terms of garbage recycling in the world(as cited in Wolf et al.,2022).

Our government knows that, so that’s why the waste management issue is no less critical, and also government are now taking various ways to solve this problem. Thus, development of effective waste management system is one of the basic principles of the Concept for transition of the republic of Kazakhstan to the “Green Economy” program. According to this information, the part pf waste recycling should be increased by 50 percent by 2050. Also, “Business roadmap 2025” has its own role to this issue, the list of priority sectors of the national economy includes the field of waste collection, recycling, disposal, and utilization(Effectiveness of Waste, 2021). In addition this source has more information about current situation of waste management and ways of solving this issue. In the dissertation written by A.G. Bekturova, said that the volume of the solid domestic waste in the country was roughly 5-6 million ton, and by 2025 this index might rise to 8 million ton, which makes this problem more and more important(as cited in Effectiveness of waste,2021). Association of the Environmental specialists mentioned that there are 3000 landfills used in country for industrial work and small businesses, where 620 landfills of them comply with the sanitary requirements, which makes this landfills only 18 percent from all landfills, this statistic is very deplorable and proves that our society and people are ignoring this situation, there is no profit for them if they will spend their time on solving this problem(Effectiveness of waste,2021). Actually they do not care because all of these junk and waste are buried, but it is not the solving of the problem of their utilization or disposal, moreover the fact that they were buried is creating new problem like ground pollution, and later by ground it will affect nature and human too, but actually Environmental code of 2007 foreseen this outcome, so they created a waste classification, which defines a danger level of garbage. The solution of this issue might be the creation of extended producers responsibility, their work accorded to ensure collection, transportation, recycling, neutralization of waste generated after loss of the consumer attributes pf certain product. This solution seems like the right decision, however with this level of recycling and distribution of junk all over cities and villages, the solving time will be long, and also there is no guarantee.

Batyrbek Aubakirov Chairman of the Board of the Association of Recyclers of Secondary Raw Materials of Kazakhstan said that there are 3 ways to solve the problem of recycling(as cited by Vidyanova, 2023). First one, is the recycling companies should be granted exemptions on payment of corporate income tax and valuable added tax, these money could help to reimburse part of the costs of purchasing equipment, and there is an opportunity to build infrastructure for more comfortable work. Second one is asking the Industry development fund to provide factories that engaged in recycling process with soft loans. The last one is renew EcoQolday system, that provided subsidies for the collection, logistics, and processing of recyclable raw material. Subsidy is a grant given by government to small businesses for a specific purpose.

My research question is “What are the ways to improve effective waste management and reduce the amount of municipal waste in Kazakhstan?”. The first and main question is “Is that possible to cope with all this junk in a few years in Kazakhstan?” the answer is controversial because there are some kinds of actions that will aid our country but there is no guarantee of solving this issue a hundred percent due to not accurate decisions and effect of other problems that our country is facing. The second one is “What method could help to reduce the amount of garbage?”, so there are a few ways for instance waste treatment plants are built on the roofs of big buildings and the garbage processing plant looks like some kind of sterile pharmacy. They are so clearly processing this garbage that no waste they are not released into the environment, it is efficient but there are some flaws too, it would take a lot of time and money to build this kind of waste treatment plant and to ensure their benefits work.  These kinds of actions will help our country to develop ecology and economy, also these methods provide Kazakhstan’s citizens to utilize junk instead of burying it and knowledge about how to recycle this garbage or at least sort it, later our country will be able to create waste treatment plants that will clear our environment.