Using various methods and techniques to improve the effectiveness of teaching biology at school

Abstract. The article is devoted to a very relevant topic in our time, which is addressed in pedagogy. The article emphasizes that many teachers do not pay due attention to the correct choice and use of methods and techniques to improve the effectiveness of teaching. The main attention is paid to the consideration of the most effective methods and techniques for transmitting information by the teacher. In our article, we proved that the techniques and methods in educational and cognitive activities, correctly selected by the teacher, help students to achieve high results.

Keywords: pedagogy, educational process, biology, methods, visual aids, learning efficiency, learning material, lesson.

In the educational process, the activity of the teacher plays a major role. The activity of the teacher includes not only the presentation of educational material, control, verification and evaluation of knowledge, but also the selection of methods and techniques that will positively affect the assimilation of the material and thereby increase the effectiveness of teaching the school subject. This topic is very relevant in our time, as not all teachers with great responsibility approach the choice of teaching methods and techniques, so the effectiveness of teaching biology is significantly reduced. Well-chosen teacher techniques and methods in educational and cognitive activities help students to achieve high results.

In the course of the educational process, information is transmitted from teacher to student, and feedback is also provided in the classroom. To effectively convey the accumulated information, the teacher uses various methods. One of the methods used to improve the effectiveness of teaching the school subject «biology» are explanatory and illustrative methods. Biology is such a subject that it is impossible to study at the proper level, if you do not use diagrams, drawings, tables, dummies, wet preparations, micro-preparations and much more during training. Without the use of visualization, the material for students will not be clear [1].  Using the explanatory and illustrative method in their activities, students better master new information. There is a better memorization of all the subtleties of the studied topic. In the course of using this method, visual memory develops, thinking and attention of students is activated. This method develops a steady interest of schoolchildren in the subject of biology. Thus, the use of an explanatory-illustrative method by a biology teacher in the lesson of studying new material is an effective way of transferring a large amount of information and its easy assimilation and memorization by students.

During the educational process, the teacher can increase the interest of students in biology by using innovative approaches and technologies. Teaching biology at school involves constantly accompanying the course with a demonstration experiment. However, in a modern school, conducting experimental work on the subject is often difficult due to the lack of training time, the lack of modern material and technical equipment. And even if the laboratory is fully equipped with the required devices and materials, a real experiment requires much more time both for preparation and implementation, and for analyzing the results of the work. At the same time, due to its specificity, a real experiment often does not realize its main purpose — to serve as a source of knowledge. Many biological processes are complex. Children with imaginative thinking are hard to assimilate abstract generalizations, without pictures they are not able to understand the process, to study the phenomenon. The development of their abstract thinking takes place through images. Multimedia animation models allow to form a complete picture of the biological process in the student's mind, interactive models make it possible to independently «design» the process, correct their mistakes, and self-study [3].  Performing presentations, watching educational films on biology, students consolidate the information received in the lesson, so this method of assimilation of information can be attributed to effective techniques. Summarizing the above, we can say that the use of technologies and innovative approaches allows students to develop thinking, consolidate information and get new ones. Another effective method of obtaining new knowledge is the practical method. On laboratory and practical work, students receive new information, learn the skills and skills of working with microlabs provided to students. In the school course, laboratory and practical work have an important place. Performing laboratory and practical work is aimed at:

• generalization, systematization, deepening, consolidation of the obtained theoretical knowledge on specific topics of the studied disciplines;
• formation of skills to apply the acquired knowledge in practice, implementation of the unity of intellectual and practical activities;
• development of intellectual skills: analytical, design skills;
• development of such tasks as independence, responsibility, accuracy, and creative initiative [2].

When conducting practical classes and laboratory work in a biology lesson, students receive not only theoretical knowledge, but also practical knowledge. Thus, this method is the most effective in the learning process, since the student learns the material more «deeply». With a competent organization of laboratory and practical work, the student will be able to master both practical knowledge and show how well he has mastered theoretical knowledge, since each laboratory work relies on already studied theoretical material.

Summoning up the above we considered the explanatory and illustrative method, which is an effective way to convey a large amount of information and easily assimilate it. The use of technologies and innovative approaches allows students to develop thinking, consolidate information and get new information. Mandatory in the educational process is the use of a practical method that is the most effective in the learning process, as the student more «deeply» masters the material passed. In our article, we have proved that well-chosen teacher techniques and methods in educational and cognitive activities help students to achieve high results. The presented article allows you to improve your professional level, expand your horizons and strengthen the motivation of teaching.