PREVENTION OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

Abstract. The article is devoted to the prevention of offenses among minors. The main types of prevention are considered, as well as the article deals with preventive work with minors on the basis of a general education institution.

Keywords: prevention, minors, delinquency, educational work, school.

Introduction

To date, the number of offenses among teenagers has increased. There are a lot of prerequisites in the world that lead to the manifestation of various deviations in the behavior of young people. This problem becomes most acute in adolescence in the process of formation, self-determination and self-affirmation of personality. Adolescents are characterized by psychological instability, they cannot very often control themselves and their emotions, they also have a weak development of the volitional sphere of personality. All these factors affect a young person, and he does not even always realize that the illegal acts committed by them lead to serious consequences. Many researchers come to the conclusion that teenagers are more likely to commit offenses. Thus, juvenile delinquency is a social problem that requires immediate solution and involves comprehensive preventive work with children.

Main part

Preventive work to prevent offenses in the adolescent environment is a complex process and requires complex work of specialists of various profiles. It is carried out by social organizations, institutions and involves the creation of various preventive measures. In the modern world, prevention is divided into primary, secondary and tertiary [5,56]. Primary prevention is aimed at eliminating the adverse factors that cause a certain phenomenon, as well as increasing the resistance of the individual to the influence of these factors. Primary prevention can be widely carried out among adolescents. The task of secondary prevention is the early detection and rehabilitation of neuropsychiatric disorders and work with a "risk group", for example, adolescents who have a pronounced tendency to form deviant behavior without showing it at the present time. Tertiary prevention is aimed at correcting, that is, already treating certain deviations in a person, it also includes the prevention of relapse. Purposeful work is being carried out at all these three levels to create comprehensive measures. The problems in families and the collective that may arise, the factors contributing to the emergence of various forms of deviations are eliminated, leisure is organized, a psychologically healthy personality is being educated.

A teenager spends a significant amount of time at school. The school is a key link in the juvenile delinquency prevention system. A general education institution should properly organize its work and play an important role in preventing situations that can lead to offenses and crimes. A significant role in the pedagogical prevention of offenses among minors is played by the activities of a class teacher, a social pedagogue and a psychologist of an educational organization.

The main methods of their work that can be used in the prevention of illegal actions committed by adolescents:

– Observation. Here, the teacher observes the student, his

behavior at school, family, in the classroom, and his communication with peers.

– Conversation, survey, questionnaire, testing. These methods

make it possible to identify the psychological characteristics of children based on their answers

to the proposed oral and written questions.

– Consulting. This method consists in providing

qualified assistance to a minor experiencing any problems in order to socialize and optimize them.

As an example, we can cite the scheme of work aimed at the prevention of offenses in the adolescent environment, MBOU secondary school No. 41 of Belgorod.

In the system of crime prevention on the territory of MBOU secondary school No. 41, there are two directions: general prevention measures that ensure the involvement of all students in school life, and special prevention measures that consist in identifying students who need special pedagogical attention and working with them on an individual level.

MBOU SOSH No. 41 in its work focuses special attention on the prevention of offenses among minors, implying at the same time systematic measures of a socio-legal, socio-pedagogical nature, with the aim of preventive impact on the object (students of educational institution No. 41). Among the main activities of the presented organization, the following main elements can be distinguished, namely:

1) Solving common, diverse problems of MBOU SOSH students No. 41 of the city of Belgorod, which relate to social protection.

2) Social assistance, support, protection, counseling, rehabilitation, rehabilitation of minors.

3) An invitation to special conversations with students of law enforcement officers.

The system of work on the prevention of offenses of the school is a set of measures that ensure the prevention of the prevention of offenses among minors:

– Providing the participants of the educational process with a regulatory framework;

– Creation of conditions for high-quality measures for the prevention of offenses;

– Ensuring full coverage of school-age children;

– Personal control over the attendance of preventive classes;

– Organization of leisure, employment;

– Interaction of all services of MBOU secondary school No. 41: socio-pedagogical, psychological, methodical, medical staff.

The school also pays attention to the parents of students, preventive work is also carried out with them. Individual preventive conversations, raids on dysfunctional families, parent meetings with the participation of employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, employees of other bodies and institutions of the prevention system are organized.

The activities carried out show their effectiveness and efficiency in terms of their preventive impact on minors.

Conclusion

The problem of juvenile delinquency is extremely relevant in our time and requires the close attention of all categories of citizens, calls for its speedy solution. Only comprehensive work, close cooperation of all bodies and institutions involved in the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency, will help solve this problem.