MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY

МАЛОИНВАЗИВНАЯ ХИРУРГИЯ

Оскола Сергей

студент, Северо-Осетинская государственная медицинская академия, РФ, г. Владикавказ

Леонтьева Анна

студент, Северо-Осетинская государственная медицинская академия, РФ, г. Владикавказ

Макеева Иветта

научный руководитель, кафедра иностранных языков Северо-Осетинская государственная медицинская академия, РФ, г. Владикавказ

Abstract. In this article we will consider minimally invasive surgery and it’s benefits and also robotic assisted minimally invasive surgery.

Аннотация. В этой статье мы рассмотрим малоинвазивную хирургию и ее преимущества, а также роботизированную малоинвазивную хирургию.

Keywords: minimally invasive surgery, robotic assisted minimally invasive surgery.

Ключевые слова: малоинвазивная хирургия, роботизированная малоинвазивная хирургия.

The rapid growth of technology did not bypass surgery and we see how different innovations are being implemented in operations today. A number of open surgeries are replaced by minimally invasive surgeries now. MIS encompass surgical techniques that limit the size of incisions. For these operations special equipment is used, such as fiber optic cables, miniature video cameras and surgical instruments handled via tubes inserted into the body through small openings in its surface. The image is transmitted to an monitor and the surgeon is able to perform an operation, getting the visualization of the organs.

MIS has a lot of significant benefits. Here are some of them:

• Less scarring - due to the tiny incisions
• A patient is not given antibiotics before the operation
• Smaller incisions (from couple millimeters to 1-1.5сm)
• Minimal bleeding
• Absence of postoperative sutures, which require bandaging and special therapy
• Faster recovery (it takes less time for an organism to recover because of the low traumatization of the surgery)
• Shorter hospital stay (after some surgeries a patient is able to leave a hospital in the same day)
• Reduced risk of infection or other complications
• Lesser pain (low level of traumatization, one more benefit is that this reduces the need in pain medications)
• Higher surgical precision

MIS is used in gynecological surgeries, plastic surgery, removal of tumors, removal of stones from urinary tract, operations on abdominal organs, orthopedics, neurosurgery etc.

One of the most interesting and complex directions in MIS is robotic assisted minimally invasive surgery. Such kind of operations is performed via robot, that is controlled by a surgeon, who is sitting at the console, usually in the same room. There he has a screen with an image of internal organs that can be magnified, special joysticks by which he controls robotic arms and several pedals for coagulation and other things. The surgeon that performs robotic assisted MIS has to have the special qualification because such type of operation has it’s own unique features.

Advantages of robotic assisted MIS are: filtration of surgeon’s tremor, 3D visualization, intuitive movements, motion scaling etc.

In spite of all the benefits of MIS there are a number of cases in which it is better to perform traditional open surgery. Some of them are: heart and lung failure, glaucoma etc.

MIS is a real achievement of modern medicine and it gives a big opportunity to minimize harm from an operation and to spare patient’s health.